Java Programming Tutorial

What you'll Learn

1. Introduction to Java

• What is Java?: Overview of Java as a programming language, its uses, and platform independence through the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
• Setting up the Java Environment involves installing the Java Development Kit (JDK), configuring the environment, and setting up IDEs like IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, or NetBeans.
• First Java Program: Writing, compiling, and running a simple “Hello, World!” program.

2. Java Syntax and Structure

• Basic Structure: Understanding the components of a Java program (classes, methods, primary function).
• Comments: Using single-line (//) and multi-line (/* ... */) comments.
• Data Types: Primitive types (int, float, char, boolean, etc.) and reference types (objects).
• Variables: This section includes declaring and initializing variables, as well as variable scope (local, instance, and static).

3. Operators and Expressions

• Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %.
• Relational Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=.
• Logical Operators: &&, ||, !.
• Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, etc.
• Unary and Bitwise Operators: ++, --, &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>.

4. Control Flow Statements

• If-Else Statements: Decision-making using if, else if, and else.
• Switch Statement: Handling multiple cases using switch.
• Loops: Using for, while, and do-while loops for iteration.
• Break and Continue: Controlling loop flow using break and continue.

5. Arrays and Strings

• Arrays: Declaring, initializing, and accessing single and multidimensional arrays.
• String Handling: Working with the String class, methods like concat(), substring(), indexOf(), toLowerCase(), and toUpperCase().
• StringBuffer and StringBuilder: Mutability of strings and performance considerations for string manipulation.

6. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

• Classes and Objects: Creating and using classes and objects.
• Constructors: Defining constructors and constructor overloading.
• Encapsulation: Using private, public, protected Access modifiers and getter/setter methods.
• Inheritance: Extending classes and using the extends keyword.
• Polymorphism: Method overloading (compile-time) and method overriding (run-time).
• Abstraction: Creating abstract classes and interfaces.
• Static vs. Non-static: Understanding static methods, variables, and blocks.

7. Exception Handling

• Types of Exceptions: Checked vs. unchecked exceptions.
• Try-Catch Blocks: Catching and handling exceptions.
• Finally, Block: Ensuring code execution using the finally block.
• Throwing Exceptions: Using throw and throws keywords to manage custom exceptions.
• Custom Exceptions: Create your exception classes by extending Exception or RuntimeException.

8. Java Collections Framework

• Introduction to Collections: Understanding the purpose and use of collections.
• List Interface: Implementing lists using ArrayList, LinkedList, and Vector.
• Set Interface: Using HashSet, LinkedHashSet, and TreeSet.
• Map Interface: Storing key-value pairs using HashMap, LinkedHashMap, and TreeMap.
• Queue and Deque: Using PriorityQueue, ArrayDeque, etc.
• Iterators: Iterating through collections using Iterator and ListIterator.

9. File Handling in Java

• File I/O Basics: Reading from and writing to files using classes from the java.io package.
• Reading and Writing Text Files: Using FileReader, BufferedReader, FileWriter, and BufferedWriter.
• Serialization and Deserialization: Write objects to files using serialization and read them back using deserialization.
• Java NIO Package: An introduction to the java.nio package for more advanced file and I/O handling.

10. Multithreading in Java

• Thread Basics: Creating and running threads by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface.
• Thread Lifecycle: Understanding the thread lifecycle (New, Runnable, Blocked, Waiting, Timed Waiting, Terminated).
• Synchronization: Ensuring thread safety using the synchronized keyword.
• Inter-thread Communication: Using methods like wait(), notify(), and notifyAll().
• Thread Pooling: Managing threads more efficiently using the ExecutorService and thread pools.

11. Java Generics

• Generics Introduction: Using generic classes and methods to write type-safe code.
• Bounded Type Parameters: Restricting the types used with generics using extends and super.
• Wildcards: Using wildcards (?, ? extends, ? super) in generics to allow flexibility.

12. Lambda Expressions and Functional Programming (Java 8+)

• Lambda Expressions: Introduction to lambdas, syntax, and use cases.
• Functional Interfaces: Understanding functional interfaces like Runnable, Comparator, and custom functional interfaces.
• Method References: Using method and constructor references as shorthand for lambdas.
• Streams API: Using streams for functional-style operations on collections like filtering, mapping, and reducing.

13. Java 8+ Features

• Optional Class: Handling null values more safely using Optional.
• Date and Time API: Using the java.time package to work with dates, times, durations, and periods.
• Default and Static Methods in Interfaces: Defining methods in interfaces with implementations.

14. Database Connectivity (JDBC)

• JDBC Basics: Introduction to Java Database Connectivity (JDBC).
• Connecting to Databases: Establishing a connection to databases like MySQL or PostgreSQL.
• Executing Queries: Running SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE SQL queries.
• PreparedStatement: Using prepared statements to prevent SQL injection and execute parameterized queries.
• Transaction Management: Handling transactions, commit, and rollback.

15. Java GUI Programming (Swing/AWT)

• Introduction to Java GUI: Basics of GUI programming using AWT and Swing.
• Creating Windows and Frames: Using JFrame, JPanel, and components like buttons, text fields, labels, and menus.
• Event Handling: Implementing event listeners for user interactions (mouse clicks, key presses, etc.).
• Layouts and Containers: Arranging components using layout managers (FlowLayout, BorderLayout, GridLayout, etc.).
• Building Simple GUI Applications: Designing simple desktop applications with user interaction.

16. JavaFX (Modern GUI Development)

• Introduction to JavaFX: Basics of modern GUI development with JavaFX.
• Scene Graph: Understanding the structure of JavaFX applications.
• UI Controls: Using buttons, labels, text fields, sliders, and other UI elements.
• Event Handling: Handling user actions with event listeners in JavaFX.
• CSS Styling: Customizing the look and feel of JavaFX applications using CSS.
• JavaFX Animations: Creating animations and effects in the UI.

17. Networking in Java

• Introduction to Networking: Basic concepts of networking in Java.
• Socket Programming: Implementing client-server communication using Socket and ServerSocket classes.
• Datagram Socket Programming: Working with UDP protocol using DatagramSocket and DatagramPacket.
• Handling HTTP Requests: Using HttpURLConnection to make HTTP requests.